Analysis of food for animals

Analysis of food for animals

Animal feed represents the most important cost in milk production, therefore the control of the food produced as well as those included from external origin are essential to control to ensure a supply in agreement with the production levels, quality and safety required.

The objective is to know the nutritional value and microbiological quality of food supplied to livestock on the farm.

Instrumental tests performed by near infrared method (NIR)

Grass silage

Corn silage

Cereal silage

Pre-milled corn / fresh corn

Unifeed and other mixtures

Feed and raw materials (cereals, corn, corn DDGS, soybean meal, whole soybeans, sunflower meal, rapeseed meal)

Fermentative quality grass silage

Physicochemical tests

Gravimetric method for dry matter
Gravimetric method for humidity
Nitrogen and crude protein by volumetric method (Kjeldahl)
Crude fibre by gravimetric method
Crude ash by gravimetric method
Organic matter by difference
Crude fat with and without hydrolysis by gravimetric method
Starch by polarimetric method
Gravimetric determination of acid detergent fiber (ADF)
Gravimetric determination neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF)
Gravimetric determination of acid detergent lignin
pH by potentiometry
Insolvable ash in hydrochloric acid
Aflatoxin B1, Deoxynivalenol (DON), Zearalenone, Ochratoxin A, Fumonisins, T-2 / HT-2 By side flow (Symmetric)
Aflatoxin B1 in corn / wheat / sorghum / DDGs / soy (Charm)

Microbiological Essays

Listeria monocytogenes by immunofluorescence (VIDAS)
Salmonella spp. by immunofluorescence (VIDAS)
Escherichia coli by plate count
Coagulase-positive, count-staphylococcus on plate
Plate count enterobacteria
Moulds and/or yeasts by plate count
Clostridium sulfite espores plate count reducers
Clostridium perfringens spores by plate count
Clostridium perfringens (vegetative forms) by plate count

DM (%)	Dry matter, by gravimetry
OM (%MS)	Organic matter
NDF (%MS)	Neutral detergent fiber
ADF (%MS)	Acid detergent fiber
CF (%MS)	Crude fiber by calculation (Agricultural Service Laboratory – Clemson University, 1996)
TCP (%MS)	Total crude protein
OMD (%)	Organic matter digestibility
TD (%)	Theoretical in situ Nitrogen degradability
PDIN (%MS)	Protein digested in the small intestine when rumen fermentable nitrogen is limited(PDIN), by calculation (INRA 2007 – Nozieres et al., 2007)
PDIE (%MS)	Protein digested in the small intestine when rumen-fermentable energy is limited(PDIE), by calculation (INRA 2007 – Nozieres et al., 2007)
NEM (Mcal/kg MS)	Net energy milk, by calculation (INRA 2007 – Vermorel et al., 1987)
NEM (Mcal/kg MS)	Net energy meet by calculation (INRA 2007 – Vermorel et al., 1987)
FUM (FUM/Kg MS)	Forage units milk, by calculation (INRA 2007 – Vermorel et al., 1987)
FUM (FUM/Kg MS)	Forage units meet, by calculation (INRA 2007 – Vermorel et al., 1987)
pH measured (pH units)	pH measured
pH conservation (pH units)	Theoretical conservation pH, by calculation ( Haigh, 1987)
conservation	pHdif, by calculation ( Haigh, 1987)
FRV	Forage relative value, by calculation (Rohweder et al., 1978)

DM (%)	Dry matter, by gravimetry
OM (%MS)	Organic matter
NDF (%MS)	Neutral detergent fiber
ADF (%MS)	Acid detergent fiber
CF (%MS)	Crude fiber by calculation (Agricultural Service Laboratory – Clemson University, 1996)
S (%MS)	Starch
TCP (%MS)	Total crude protein
OMD (%)	Organic matter digestibility
PDIN (%MS)	Protein digested in the small intestine when rumen fermentable nitrogen is limited(PDIN), by calculation (INRA 2007 – Nozieres et al., 2007)
PDIE (%MS)	Protein digested in the small intestine when rumen-fermentable energy is limited(PDIE), by calculation (INRA 2007 – Nozieres et al., 2007)
NEM (Mcal/kg MS)	Net energy milk, by calculation (INRA 2007 – Vermorel et al., 1987)
NEM (Mcal/kg MS)	Net energy meet by calculation (INRA 2007 – Vermorel et al., 1987)
FUM (FUM/Kg MS)	Forage units milk, by calculation (INRA 2007 – Vermorel et al., 1987)
FUM (FUM/Kg MS)	Forage units meet, by calculation (INRA 2007 – Vermorel et al., 1987)
pH measured (pH units)	pH measured

DM (%)	Dry matter, by gravimetry
OM (%MS)	Organic matter
NDF (%MS)	Neutral detergent fiber
ADF (%MS)	Acid detergent fiber
CF (%MS)	Crude fiber by calculation (Agricultural Service Laboratory – Clemson University, 1996)
TCP (%MS)	Total crude protein
OMD (%)	Organic matter digestibility
ND (%)	Theoretical in situ Nitrogen degradability
PDIN (%MS)	Protein digested in the small intestine when rumen fermentable nitrogen is limited(PDIN), by calculation (INRA 2007 – Nozieres et al., 2007)
PDIE (%MS)	Protein digested in the small intestine when rumen-fermentable energy is limited(PDIE), by calculation (INRA 2007 – Nozieres et al., 2007)
NEM (Mcal/kg MS)	Net energy milk, by calculation (INRA 2007 – Vermorel et al., 1987)
NEM (Mcal/kg MS)	Net energy meet by calculation (INRA 2007 – Vermorel et al., 1987)
FUM (FUM/Kg MS)	Forage units milk, by calculation (INRA 2007 – Vermorel et al., 1987)
FUM (FUM/Kg MS)	Forage units meet, by calculation (INRA 2007 – Vermorel et al., 1987)
pH measured (pH units)	pH measured
pH conservation (pH units)	Theoretical conservation pH, by calculation ( Haigh, 1987)
conservation	pHdif, by calculation ( Haigh, 1987)
FRV	Forage relative value, by calculation (Rohweder et al., 1978)

DM (%)	Dry matter, by gravimetry
OM (%MS)	Organic matter
NDF (%MS)	Neutral detergent fiber
ADF (%MS)	Acid detergent fiber
CF (%MS)	Crude fiber by calculation (Agricultural Service Laboratory – Clemson University, 1996)
S (%MS)	Starch
TCP (%MS)	Total crude protein
OMD (%)	Organic matter digestibility
PDIN (%MS)	Protein digested in the small intestine when rumen fermentable nitrogen is limited(PDIN), by calculation (INRA 2007 – Nozieres et al., 2007)
PDIE (%MS)	Protein digested in the small intestine when rumen-fermentable energy is limited(PDIE), by calculation (INRA 2007 – Nozieres et al., 2007)
NEM (Mcal/kg MS)	Net energy milk, by calculation (INRA 2007 – Vermorel et al., 1987)
NEM (Mcal/kg MS)	Net energy meet by calculation (INRA 2007 – Vermorel et al., 1987)
FUM (FUM/Kg MS)	Forage units milk, by calculation (INRA 2007 – Vermorel et al., 1987)
FUM (FUM/Kg MS)	Forage units meet, by calculation (INRA 2007 – Vermorel et al., 1987)
pH measured (pH units)	pH measured

DM (%)	Dry matter, by gravimetry
OM (%MS)	Organic matter
CF (%MS)	Crude fat
NDF (%MS)	Neutral detergent fiber
ADF (%MS)	Acid detergent fiber
CF (%MS)	Crude fiber
CP (%MS)	Crude protein
S (%MS)	Starch
OMD (%)	Organic matter digestibility
NEM (Mcal/kg MS)	Net energy milk, by calculation (INRA 2007 – Vermorel et al., 1987)
NEPM production (3x) (Mcal/kg MS)	Energy production milk (3x), by calculation (NRC 2001)
NEM (Mcal/kg MS)	Net energy meet by calculation (INRA 2007 – Vermorel et al., 1987)
FUM (FUM/Kg MS)	Forage units milk, by calculation (INRA 2007 – Vermorel et al., 1987)
FUPM production (3x) (FUPM/Kg MS)	Forage units production milk (3x), by calculation (NRC 2001)
FUM (FUM/Kg MS)	Forage units meet, by calculation (INRA 2007 – Vermorel et al., 1987)
TDN (%MS)	Total digestible nutrients, by calculation (NRC 2001)

DM (%)	Dry matter, by gravimetry
pH measured (pH units)	pH measured
pH conservation (pH units)	Theoretical conservation pH, by calculation ( Haigh, 1987)
conservation	pHdif, by calculation ( Haigh, 1987)
Lactic A. ( %MS)	Lactic acid
Acetic A. ( %MS)	Acetic acid
N-NH3 ( %NT)	Ammoniacal nitrogen
SN ( %NT)	Soluble nitrogen
Conservation index by calculation (Dulphy and Demarquilly 1981, adapted by Flores and col.2000)
Nitrogen value index by calculation (Dulphy and Demarquilly 1981, adapted by Flores and col.2000)
Ingestibility index by calculation (Dulphy and Demarquilly 1981, adapted by Flores and col.2000)

Analysis of food for animals ​

Analysis of food for animals

Instrumental tests performed by near infrared method (NIR)

Physicochemical tests

Microbiological Essays

Analysis of food for animals